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This site was created by students in the herpetology class at Towson University. Site last updated: 05/21/07.
Acknowledgements: Herb Harris - Range Maps; Mark Tegges - Photography; Dan Lapascha & Gigi Forester - TU Herpetology Logo
Timber rattlesnake
(Crotalus horridus)
Description
The Timber Rattlesnake is one of only two pitvipers reported in Maryland. It can be easily identified by the crotaline rattle on the tip of its tail. When threatened, the Timber Rattlesnake will wiggle the tip of its tail back and forth thus producing a rattling sound as a warning signal to potential predators. This rattlesnake ranges in length from 88.9 – 189.2 cm (35-74.5”). The head has no distinct markings and is broad while the neck is narrow. The body ranges in color from yellow to brown to gray with brown to black chevron-like crossbars. A brown to black dorsal stripe may be seen extending from the neck to the tail. The tail is black and a dark stripe may be seen behind the eye. The scales are keeled and loreal pits are present between the nostrils and eyes to serve as infrared heat detectors.
Habitat
The timber rattlesnake prefers wooded hillsides with rock outcroppings. It can also be found in forested areas where it blends in well with fallen leaf litter while waiting for unsuspecting prey.
Breeding
This rattlesnake is active from April to October and hibernates during the late fall, winter and early spring months. Females reach sexual maturity at 4-5 years of age. Mating occurs near the denning area in the spring or fall and reproduction takes place every 2-4 years. From August to October females give birth to 5-17 young that are 25-33 cm in length (10-13”).
Distribution in Maryland
Range map adapted from Harris, 1975.
Sources and Links
Behler, JL and FW King. 1979. National Audobon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/land/er/factsheets/herps/timber.htm